IN A study published by Norway’s SINTEF – one of Europe’s largest independent research organisations – chief scientist Dr Elizabeth Lindstad concluded that from well-to-wake the continued use of heavy fuel oil with an exhaust gas cleaning systems is the most environmentally beneficial means of meeting global greenhouse gas emissions targets.
After detailing findings from research involving full scale testing on a number of newbuild vessels, Dr Lindstad told the Clean Shipping Alliance 2020, “[Studies] indicate that two-stroke engines with exhaust gas recirculation and scrubbers represent the most cost- and GHG-effective way of meeting both IMO Tier 3 NOx rules and the 2020 sulphur cap”.
Dr Lindstad stated that based on the energy consumed during the global production of distillate fuels, the continued use of residual fuel will have a positive impact on global GHG emissions, given the energy required to produce distillates would result in higher levels of CO2 being released into the atmosphere.
“With new modern refineries set up to convert crude into higher priced products, HSFO will, from 2020, be delivered from existing refineries where its share of energy consumption can be considered to be next to nothing,” Dr Lindstad said.
“The explanation is that the heavy bunker oil coming out from the refinery is the bottom of the barrel. If we acknowledge the lower energy consumption in delivering HSFO and deduct the refining we get 9 to 10g of CO2 equivalent per MJ for HFO, rather than 13 to 15 of CO2 equivalent per MJ for LSFO/MGO.”
Dr Lindstad also believes that emissions abatement rules need to be reviewed to consider pollution problems in different areas.
“To meet climate targets, that is reduce global GHG emissions, we can no longer afford to have standards that are strict in areas where we do not have local pollution problems, while areas with high pollution may need even stricter rules than today,” Dr Lindstad told CSA 2020.
Ian Adams, CSA 2020 executive director, said the industry has long realised that there is an energy penalty differential in the production of fuels.
“Using higher sulphur fuels with an exhaust gas cleaning system will have a beneficial impact on the global reduction of sulphur and nitrogen oxides emissions, and also on GHG emissions,” Mr Adams said.
But that’s not all: according to Adams there is also a significant benefit from reduced particulates in emissions.
“With reduced particulates in exhaust emissions of 75% or more, the combination of dramatically reduced SOx and particulates makes a big difference in improved air quality and lower health risks,” he said.
“This study provides further scientific evidence that both local SOx and NOx to air and global CO2 emissions will be reduced by the expanded use of HFO with exhaust gas cleaning systems in the marine fleet, with benefits to the marine and port environments and, of course, human health,” Mr Adams said.
